Chicory (plant) - the benefits and harms of chicory, useful properties and uses, contraindications

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Chicory (plant) - the benefits and harms of chicory, useful properties and uses, contraindications
Chicory (plant) - the benefits and harms of chicory, useful properties and uses, contraindications
Anonim

Chicory

Chicory
Chicory

Chicory is a compound perennial plant with a spindle-shaped and thick root. The whole plant contains milky sap. On a tall straight stem, covered with hairs, the next leaves are located. Chicory flowers are blue, but there are both pink and white colors, they are located in inflorescences or are on short baskets. The fruit of chicory is a prismatic achene, which has a tuft of films. On one chicory bush, you can collect 3-25 thousand seeds. Chicory blooms in summer, and the fruits ripen from late summer to mid-autumn.

Chicory is found in Ukraine and Russia. It grows on borders, hills and along roads. For medicinal purposes, the plant is grown in many countries.

Useful properties of chicory

Useful properties of chicory
Useful properties of chicory

Chicory normalizes metabolism in the body, is able to remove all toxins from the body. Chicory cleanses the kidneys, helps to improve the condition of diabetic patients. In addition, it is used to improve blood composition. Chicory stimulates appetite, improves bowel activity, and is also an excellent remedy for heartburn. Due to the ability of chicory to increase the overall tone of the body, it is used instead of coffee beans. Chicory drink cleanses blood vessels and relieves fatigue and fatigue.

Chicory has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. It is used as an antipyretic for colds and other diseases.

The plant is high in inulin, a substance that lowers blood sugar.

Benefits of chicory

Such a wonderful plant as chicory is widely used to treat many diseases. Its benefits are due to the high content of various trace elements that have immunostimulating properties. In addition, regular consumption of chicory inhibits the growth of pathogens and enhances the metabolism in the human body.

13 scientifically proven he alth benefits of chicory

1 Contains probiotic inulin

Contains the probiotic substance inulin
Contains the probiotic substance inulin

If we talk about the total composition of chicory root (in dry residue), then 68% is inulin [1].

Inulin is a special type of plant fiber - fructan, which is also called fructooligosaccharide. This substance is a carbohydrate with a short chain of fructose molecules. The peculiarity of this carbohydrate is that it is not absorbed by the human body.

Inulin has probiotic properties - "feeds" the beneficial intestinal microflora. Beneficial intestinal bacteria suppress the development of pathogenic flora, improve the absorption of minerals, alleviate the symptoms of inflammation [2], [3], [4].

2 Helps with constipation

Vegetable fibers of chicory root have a complex effect on the digestive system. Passing through the gastrointestinal tract, fiber is not digested, but at the same time saturates the beneficial intestinal bacteria and ensures normal digestion. Several clinical observations suggest that inulin facilitates bowel movements and helps manage constipation.

One study with 44 adults lasted four weeks. All participants were divided into two groups. The experimental sample received 12 grams of chicory inulin daily, the control sample received placebo. In the first group, all participants noted the relief of the act of defecation, an increase in the frequency of stools. The placebo group did not show similar results [5]

Another experiment involved 16 people who had difficulty with bowel cleansing. They were offered 10 grams of chicory inulin daily. The result of the study showed an increase in the number of bowel movements to an average of 5 acts per week [6].

3 Chicory supports normal blood sugar levels

Vegetable fiber of chicory is useful for patients with diabetes, as it can improve blood glucose levels. Scientists explain this effect by the effect of inulin on beneficial microflora. As a result of complex biochemical processes, there is a breakdown of carbohydrates, an increase in sensitivity to insulin - the hormone responsible for the absorption of sugar from the blood [7], [8]

Fiber fibers contain chicory and chlorogenic acids. These plant compounds increase insulin sensitivity, which has been proven in experiments with laboratory animals [9], [10].

For two months, 49 participants diagnosed with type II diabetes were followed up. The experimental group received 10 grams of chicory inulin every day. All members of this sample had a decrease in sugar, hemoglobin type A1C. In the placebo group, these indicators remained unchanged [11]

It is important to note that this study used a highly effective inulin, which is widely used as a sweetener in the production of drinks, various baked goods. This type of inulin has a slightly different composition than other types of inulin.

In 2016, the results of another study involving patients with type 2 diabetes were published. Daily use of supplements with chicory contributes to the normalization of glucose and calcium levels. In parallel with this, all subjects showed normalization of blood pressure, improvement of the liver [12]

4 The active substances of chicory help to lose weight

Active ingredients in chicory
Active ingredients in chicory

In the course of studying the properties of chicory, it was found that its plant fibers can influence eating behavior, namely, suppress hunger and reduce the amount of calories consumed. The combination of these properties contributes to weight loss.

The researchers divided 48 overweight adults into two groups. The first of them received 21 grams of oligofructose, a product derived from chicory, daily for 12 weeks. It should be noted that oligofructose is similar in its qualities to inulin. The second group (control) received a placebo. The results showed a weight loss in the participants of the experimental group by an average of 1 kilogram. There was an increase in body weight in the placebo group. Based on the data obtained, scientists came to the conclusion that oligofructose affects the decrease in the concentration of ghrelin, a hormone that stimulates hunger [13]

The ability of chicory to influence weight loss has been the subject of several studies. They all confirmed that inulin and oligofructose help in the process of losing weight [14], [15].

Chicory inulin, as a rule, is part of dietary products. It provides a low fat content, minimal calorie content and sufficient portions of fiber. The use of products with inulin provides less absorption of calories, weight loss while maintaining the usual taste preferences.

Because of its ability to increase and maintain satiety, chicory is often used as a supplement in low-calorie cereals, substitute bars, and protein powders.

5 Has antitumor properties

Several studies have been published proving that the active substances in chicory root can inhibit the growth of malignant tumors. The most striking example is the suppression of the development of altered breast cancer cells [16].

In addition, the systematic use of chicory inulin helps prevent malignant tumors of the large intestine [17].

6 Heals the brain

Chicory root contains high doses of vitamin B6 and manganese, which have a direct effect on brain function [18].

Sufficient intake of these substances is extremely important in older and older age, when the first violations of brain functions occur - problems with concentration, remembering information, short-term or long-term memory.

7 Eases osteoarthritis

Preliminary results from some studies indicate that chicory supplementation may help in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Active plant substances eliminate swelling, alleviate the symptoms of inflammation [19].

8 Reduces the concentration of hemoglobin A1C

The main marker of blood glucose levels for three months is hemoglobin A1C. When its level is reduced, it means that a lower level of sugar has been maintained in the blood for the last three months.

The use of chicory supplements helps maintain optimal A1C levels, which means long-term control of blood sugar. This mechanism is extremely important for type II diabetics [20].

9 Affects adiponectin levels

Adiponectin is a hormone released by adipose tissue. Its function is to regulate sugar levels. Experimentally, it was found that chicory helps to increase the level of adiponectin, which greatly increases insulin sensitivity. There is an assumption that these processes are realized due to the breakdown of adipose tissue and the suppression of sugar synthesis by liver cells [20]

10 Increases "good" and lowers "bad" cholesterol

Raises good and lowers bad cholesterol
Raises good and lowers bad cholesterol

"Good" cholesterol is called high-density lipoprotein (HDL). This substance acts as a “catcher” of cholesterol, which constantly circulates in the general bloodstream. After “capture”, it is transported to the liver for subsequent excretion from the body.

Under the "bad" cholesterol refers to low-density lipoproteins (LDL). This type of lipoprotein tends to accumulate on the walls of arteries. The uncontrolled process of deposition of "bad" cholesterol leads to the formation of plaques, which can completely block the lumen of the artery. Blockage of blood vessels can result in a heart attack or stroke [21]

11 Regulates the proportions of apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A-1 in serum

Apolyprotein B (ApoB) - the main protein of "bad" cholesterol (LDL). Apolyprotein A-1 (ApoA1) is the main element of "good" cholesterol (HDL). The he alth of the cardiovascular system directly depends on the proportion of ApoB:ApoA1. The lower the ratio, the higher the risk of coronary heart disease; the lower the ratio, the lower the risk. Experiments have shown that regular consumption of chicory extract helps to maintain low levels of apolyprotein B and high levels of apolyprotein A1 [21]

12 Has anti-inflammatory properties

Several studies have shown that chicory root extract reduces inflammatory symptoms in diseases associated with inflammation of the colon [22].

13 Chicory is easy to add to your daily diet

Chicory root
Chicory root

Chicory root, rich in vegetable fibers, can become a regular product of the daily diet. Most people are unaware that they systematically consume chicory, as it is a common additive in the food industry.

Inulin, obtained from chicory root, is used to enrich products with fiber, as a sweetener or to give gelling qualities. Food with chicory has a pleasant sweet taste [23].

Chicory can be used at home. To do this, in specialized stores or farm shops, they purchase whole chicory roots or nutritional supplements. The root is cooked like a vegetable, most often consumed boiled.

Roasted and crushed chicory root is used instead of coffee. This is very useful for those who are advised to reduce or completely eliminate caffeine from their diet. It is easy to prepare a tasty and he althy drink - 2 tablespoons of ground chicory root are poured into the coffee maker, poured into a glass of water and brought to a boil over low heat.

Harm chicory

Chicory can also cause harm - for example, for people suffering from varicose veins, hemorrhoids and gastritis, chicory can be dangerous. Before using it, be sure to consult a doctor who will determine the degree of possible harm. As a rule, up to three years, such a plant is not recommended for use.

Chicory during pregnancy

Due to the fact that this plant contains a significant amount of useful trace elements and various components, chicory during pregnancy is prescribed as an effective tonic. He althy drinks based on such a plant are able to gently remove toxins, excess fluid from the body, preventing swelling, heartburn and nausea. In addition, it has an excellent effect on the intestines, being an excellent stimulant for regular bowel movements. Taking a small amount of chicory regularly will increase your appetite.

Such an amazing plant will allow you to easily give birth to a he althy baby, as it effectively cleanses the blood of harmful impurities that can be extremely dangerous at such an important period.

Can nursing mothers drink chicory?

Such a common drug as chicory, which has a high content of nutrients and vitamins, doctors still do not recommend taking to nursing mothers. It has been proven that some components have a strong stimulating effect on babies. In addition, in some cases, a significant decrease in lactation was recorded. Despite the fact that chicory has a tonic and immunological effect on the mother's body, it can cause severe allergies in the baby through breast milk.

Chicory for weight loss

Chicory for weight loss
Chicory for weight loss

Chicory has long been deservedly famous for its unique healing properties. As one of the main effects on the body, the effect of easy weight loss can be noted. The roots of the plant help cleanse the blood of harmful impurities, remove toxins, which leads to weight loss.

To combat extra pounds, we recommend preparing a special remedy. We take 1 teaspoon of crushed chicory roots, pour 500 grams of water and boil over medium heat for 10 minutes. After that, the resulting healing broth should be filtered and set aside to cool. For a quick result, the drink is taken 100 grams up to three times a day. The main thing - do not forget that it should be drunk 30 minutes before meals. In addition to a noticeable loss of excess weight, chicory has a healing effect on the whole body. In addition, it is able to cope with heavy sweating and restore liver function.

Use of chicory

Folk medicine has long used chicory as a diaphoretic, choleretic and diuretic. This plant has a wide range of useful substances used in the treatment of various diseases and ailments. Chicory has general tonic properties, due to which it is recommended in the treatment of anemia, infectious and colds. An alcohol tincture of chicory helps treat cuts, wounds, allergies to insect bites.

The use of chicory is recommended for people with constant nervous breakdowns, migraines and insomnia. Chicory is used to dilate blood vessels. Chicory also improves the digestion process.

Chicory has a positive effect during the treatment of diseases of the kidneys and spleen. This plant has anticancer properties. Infusions, decoctions, teas, preparations, lotions and compresses for external use are prepared from chicory.

Instant chicory drink

The most delicious instant chicory drink is distinguished by wonderful useful microelements that have a positive effect on all internal organs of a person. Its specific taste is somewhat reminiscent of the taste of coffee, but chicory is not so harmful.

Of course, an instant drink contains fewer trace elements, but they are enough for a slight tonic and healing effect. Regular consumption of such a drink perfectly stimulates the work of the cardiovascular system, the gastrointestinal tract, and also normalizes the functioning of the liver, kidneys and spleen. Instant chicory can be called one of the best substitutes for tea and coffee.

How much inulin is in instant chicory? Depends on the brand, for example He alth brand chicory is 54.5% inulin. At the same time, Big Cup has the least of them - only 3% [source].

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Image

How to brew chicory?

We buy chicory roots, wash them and dry them. Next, fry them in a pan. We fry the roots until all the moisture from the roots has evaporated. Do not be alarmed when a very unpleasant smell appears when frying the roots. Roasted chicory roots are ground in a coffee grinder and poured with boiling water.

For 1 teaspoon of chicory take 1 cup of boiling water. Boil the drink on low heat for 5 minutes, after which it is removed from the heat and left to brew for a few minutes. You can drink chicory with milk, lemon and sugar.

Chicory recipes

Recipes from chicory
Recipes from chicory

Decoction for external use. To prepare it, take 20 grams of dry grass and chicory roots and pour two cups of boiling water over it. Leave for 10 minutes to brew. This decoction is used to wash the eyes with conjunctivitis and for poultices for pain in the joints.

Chicory tincture for rubbing wounds. We take 10 grams of roots along with chicory grass and pour 40 ml of alcohol. Let it brew for a week and use it for rubdowns in the treatment of skin diseases.

Chicory juice for scurvy and anemia. Take the fresh leaves of the plant and squeeze the juice from them. Mix juice with milk and take 15 ml three times a day. This treatment lasts 1–1.5 months.

Collection with chicory for cholelithiasis. We take the roots of dandelion and chicory - 50 grams each. To them we add 50 grams of mint leaves, tripoli and agrimony. Now 2 tablespoons of this collection and pour 500 ml of boiling water, leave to infuse for several hours. We drink the whole broth in 2 days.

Anti-cellulite chicory bath

Take 2 tablespoons of chopped chicory herb and pour 1 cup of boiling water. Leave in a thermos for 1 hour. We pour everything into the bath and take a bath for a quarter of an hour. Baths are taken every other day until the number of procedures reaches 21.

Decoction of chicory for hair growth. To prepare it, we take grass and chicory roots in the amount of 30 grams and pour four cups of boiling water. We put on fire for 30 minutes. After removing from the heat, leave to brew for half a day (6 hours). After straining the finished broth, rub it into the hair roots. Then you should wait 10 minutes, after which we wash off the chicory decoction from the hair under running water and let the hair dry.

Cultivation of chicory

In the first year, a basal rosette of leaves is formed in the plant, while a root crop with a thickened top is already beginning to form in the soil. In the second year of life, seeds are formed. You can grow chicory by seeds and by dividing the roots. Absolutely any soil is suitable for growing, the main thing is that the site is well lit. Chicory tolerates frosts well, but short-term. Seeds are sown 3 cm into the soil. Before sowing seeds, the soil must be loosened and compacted after sowing. When 2-3 leaves appear on the seedlings, the plants are thinned out. At the same time, fertilizers are applied to the soil, consisting of superphosphate, potassium sulfate and ammonium nitrate.

Chicory is drought tolerant, but if watered regularly, it will yield more. Only acidic marshy soil is not suitable for growing chicory. From the day of emergence of seedlings to the formation of fruits, 4 months pass.

Where does chicory grow?

Chicory grows in the Mediterranean. Most scientists consider the Mediterranean as the home of this plant, although some florists and botanists point to Northern India, and others to Northern China. Despite the fact that the plant does not like high humidity, it can be found in the tropics. A temperate climate is optimal for chicory. You can find a plant in Australia, New Zealand, on the Eurasian continent, in North and South America. In Russia, chicory is found in the European part of the country, in Altai, the Caucasus, Western Siberia.

Wild-growing chicory settles in meadows, wastelands, forest edges, along roads passing by villages, as well as near other settlements. Chicory does not like mountains and will never rise above the middle lane.

The plant is actively cultivated, for which people allocate huge fields for planting it. You can also cultivate crops in your own garden.

How and when to harvest chicory flowers?

  • The flowers of the plant must be collected from June to September. It was at this time that mass flowering of chicory was observed.
  • Grass must be collected in ecologically clean areas. It is important that busy highways do not pass nearby, factories and garbage dumps are not located.
  • The best time to pick flowers is in the morning after the dew has dried on the plant.
  • To prepare flowers for drying, you need to collect only the flowering part of chicory. Stems are not suitable for this purpose.

How to dry chicory herb?

To get quality raw materials, you need to know how to dry chicory grass correctly. So, cut stems are placed in the shade. This is what attics are for. The surface on which the stems will be located should be covered with a cloth. You can dry the grass outside, under a canopy.

Periodically drying plant should be turned over to allow it to dry evenly. Dry stems will indicate that the drying process is complete and will break easily.

How and when to harvest chicory roots?

How and when to harvest chicory roots?
How and when to harvest chicory roots?

Harvesting of chicory roots begins in March, or at the end of October, beginning of November. This should be done at a time when the ground part of the plant dies off, so the maximum of useful substances is concentrated in the roots. This is due to the preparation of the plant for a dormant period.

The root of the plant is long, so it will not be possible to pull it out whole. A shovel is required to extract the root from the ground. After digging, the raw material must be cleaned of soil, washed in cold water and cut off thin lateral roots. Then the roots are laid out on the grass to dry a little.

Before the final drying, the roots must be cut across to make small pieces. If the root is thicker, then it should be cut further along.

You need to dry the roots, like the grass, either in the attic on the fabric, or under a canopy. Although the best drying method is considered to be drying in the oven, or in special drying chambers. The temperature should be at the level of 60 °C. If it is not possible to adjust it, then you should simply open the oven door. The fact that the drying process is completed will be indicated by the cracking of the root when trying to break it.

Chicory root is a great coffee substitute, but it has no caffeine. But there are a lot of other useful substances. Chicory, unlike coffee, does not irritate the walls of the stomach, does not excite the nervous and cardiac systems, but at the same time increases appetite.

To obtain high-quality raw materials for making chicory coffee, you need to cut the roots into small pieces, dry for at least 12 hours in an oven at a temperature of 100 ° C. Then the dried raw material is fried in a pan until dark and ground in any way possible.

Chicory coffee can be drunk on its own or with barley, soy, oats, dried carrots, blueberries, roasted almonds, etc. As for the amount of additions, it depends on the preferences of the individual.

How to store chicory?

Store dried chicory herb in breathable packaging, such as cloth bags or paper bags. The place should be chosen dark and cool. Chicory grass cannot be stored for more than a year.

The shelf life of dried roots is three years. To do this, they are laid out in bags of paper or cloth and put away in a dry place.

As for the fried raw materials, it must be placed in a hermetically sealed container and put away in a dry place. Apply ground chicory only with a dry spoon, as it absorbs moisture very quickly and crumple. This affects both the taste of the finished drink and its benefits.

Contraindications to the use of chicory

Despite the fact that chicory is a very useful plant, there are contraindications to its use. People with varicose veins and other problems with blood vessels should not use chicory. Gently and carefully, chicory should be used by people with gastritis.

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